(三)形容词和副词的比较等级
1.比较级、最高级的构成
(1)单音节和少数双音节词
①一般在词尾加er或est
great——greater——greatest,young——younger——youngest,slow→slower→slowest
②以e结尾的只加r或st
nice——nicer——nicest,large——larger—largest.
③以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i,再加er或est
heavy——heavier——heaviest, easy——easier——>easiest,
busy——busier——busiest, funny——funnier——+funniest,
early——earlier→earliest
④以重读闭音节结尾的词,先双写最末的一个辅音字母,再加er或est
big——bigger——biggest, thin——thinner——>thinnest,fat—fatter→fattest,
fitt—fitter→fittest
(2)多音节和部分双音节词,前加more为比较级,加(the)most为最高级
careful→more careful——most careful
useful——more useful——most useful
popular→more popular→most popular
carelessly——more carelessly——most carelessly
(3)不规则变化的词
good/well→better→best
bad/ill/badly→worse→worst
many/much→more→most
little→less→least
old→older/elder→oldest(指年龄大小)/eldest(指长幼顺序)
far→farther/further→farthest(指距离)/furthest(指程度)
2.形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法
(1)形容词和副词比较级的用法
①用于两者比较,表示“比…更…”:
“A+系动词+形容词比较级+than+B,
eg.I am two years older than my little sister.
“A+谓语动词+副词比较级+than+B:
eg. She gets to school earlier than the other students.
②用于两者之间的同级比较,表示“…和…一样”:
“A+系动词+as+形容词原级+as+B,
eg.Bill is as funny as his father.
“A+谓语动词+as+副词原级+as+B”
eg.Lucy speaks Chinese as well as Lily.
③表示甲在某方面不如乙:
“A+系动词+notas/so+形容i司原级+as十B”
eg.These books aren’t as interesting as those.
“A+助动词/情态动词+not+谓语动词+aS/SO+B”
eg.She didn’t sing sO well that night as she usually does.
④表示某个范围内的两者相比:
“A十动词十the+比较级+of短语(比较范围)” eg.Penny is the taller of the two girls.Penny是这两个女孩中较高的一个。
⑤表示“越来越…”:“比较级+and+比较级”
eg.In spring the days are getting longer and longer. 在春天,白天变得越来越长。
⑥表示“越…越…”:“the+比较级…the+比较级”
eg.The mort:you practice using English,the better you’ll learn it 你英语练得越多,就会学得越好。
①可以用much,far,even,a bit,a little,a lot等修饰比较级表示程度,但决不可用very修饰。
eg.Tom is a little taller than Mike.Tom比Mike稍高一点;
it is even colder today than yesterday. 今天甚至比昨天更冷
⑧在比较级中,为了避免重复,可用that或those代替前面提到过的事情。
eg.The weather here is much hotter than that Ofour hometown.这儿比我的老家热得多。
The pants in this shop are a lot better than those in that shop.这家商店的裤子比那家商店的裤子质量好得多。
(3)形容词和副词最高级的用法
对三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时用最高级。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the,副词最高级前可加the,也可省掉the;后面可带of/in短浯来说明比较范围:
“主语+系动词+the+形容词最高级+of短语/in短语”
eg.She is the youngest Of all.
“A+谓语动词+(the)+最高级+of短语/in短语”
eg.Linda draws most carefully in her class.
2023中考一路陪伴同行,百万名校真题直接下载!>>点击查看